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NITI Aayog


Strategy for

New India @ 75


November 2018





Prime Minister


Foreword


The collective effort of 1.25 billion Indians is transforming the
country. The Union Government is an active partner in the people's
quest for building a New India by 2022. It is our endeavour to create an
ecosystem which enables every Indian to reach his or her full potential.
This will pave the way for inclusive growth, and ensure prosperity to all.
Policy is a necessary catalyst for change. We are, therefore, reforming
our policy architecture to achieve the best outcomes. Much has been
achieved, but more needs to be done.

The 'Strategy for New India @ 75' put together by NITI Aayog is
an attempt to bring innovation, technology, enterprise and efficient
management together, at the core of policy formulation and
implementation. It will encourage discussion and debate, and invite
feedback for further refining our policy approach. We believe that
economic transformation cannot happen without public participation.
Development must become a Jan Andolan.

I thank the State Governments and Union Territoi^
Administrations, for their valuable comments on the draft of this
document. Union Government Ministries have also added value to the
document, through their extensive comments and observations.

In the spirit of Team India, let us now combine our energies to
achieve the targets outlined in the Strategy, thereby fulfilling the
aspirations of our citizens.



(Narendra Modi)


New Delhi
October 22, 2018




NITI Aayog


Preface


I ndia is on the cusp of a major transformation. Change has been in the making over the last four years.
The economy is finally moving out of the negative legacies of the past, specially the reckless credit
expansion. India has regained its position as the fastest growing large economy in the world. This is
highly commendable. However, to meet the rising aspirations of our young population, India needs to
achieve and sustain a high rate of GDP growth for the next three decades. There will be several milestones
in this long and arduous journey. The first of these milestones will be in 2022 when India celebrates the 75th
anniversary of its independence. The government's goal is for India to be a USD 4.0 trillion economy when we
celebrate the platinum jubilee of our independence.

Moreover, the Prime Minister has given his clarion call for establishing a New India by 2022. The 'Strategy for
New India @ 75' captures three key messages from the Prime Minister. First, development must become a
mass movement, in which every Indian recognizes her role and also experiences the tangible benefits accruing
to her in the form of better ease of living. Collective effort and resolve will ensure that we achieve a New India
by 2022 just like independence was achieved within five years of Mahatma Gandhi giving his call of Quit India
in 1942. The direct implication of ensuring rapid growth with inclusion is that policymaking will have to be
rooted in Indian ground realities and emphasize the welfare of all in both design and implementation.

Second, development strategy should help achieve broad-based economic growth to ensure balanced
development across all regions and states and across sectors. This implies embracing new technologies
fostering innovation and upskilling. We will have to focus on the necessary modernization of our agriculture
and mainstreaming of regions such as the North East, hilly states and the 115 Aspirational Districts. The direct
outcome of this will be improved regional and inter-personal equity and elimination of dualism that has so
far characterised our economy. We will put in place an economy that is predominantly formal, rule-driven and
facilitates investment and innovation.

Third, the strategy when implemented, will bridge the gap between public and private sector performance.

The Prime Minister has focused on putting in place a 'development state' in place of the 'soft state' that this
government had inherited. In this context, the government has focused on the efficient delivery of public
services, rooting out corruption and black economy, formalizing the economy and expanding the tax base,
improving the ease of doing business, nursing the stressed commercial banking sector back to a healthy state,
and stopping leakages through direct benefit transfers and widespread use of the JAM trinity.






strategy for
New India @ 75


Efficient, transparent and accountable governance has come to be recognized as this government's USR This
will ensure that India will not only achieve its ambitious goals for 2022, but also go on to become one of the
two largest economies in the world by 2047, when we celebrate the centenary of our independence.

'Strategy for New India @ 75' has identified 41 different areas that require either a sharper focus on
implementing the flagship schemes already in place or a new design and initiative to achieve India's true
potential. Each chapter summarizes the current status of the sector, takes full cognizance of the progress
made thus far and spells out the objectives. It then identifies the binding constraints and proposes measures
to address these constraints. It is our hope that this new approach will provide an inventory of readily
implementable measures for the government departments and agencies both in the central and state
governments. The focus of the strategy is to further improve the policy environment in which private investors
and other stakeholders can contribute their fullest towards achieving the goals set out for New India 2022.

We have followed a deeply participative approach in preparing the strategy. The process started with a series
of consultations with all possible stakeholders. Each area vertical in NITI Aayog had in depth consultations
with all three groups of stakeholders, viz., business persons, academics including scientists, and government
officials. This was followed by consultations held by NITI Aayog with seven sets of stakeholders that included
scientists and innovators, farmers, civil society organizations, think tanks, labour representatives and trade
unions, as well as industry representatives (Lists at Annex 1 and 2).

Each chapter draft was sent to the respective line ministry for their inputs, suggestions and comments.

The completed draft document was circulated to all the States and Union Territories. As many as 23 States
and 4 Union Territories sent detailed and well considered comments and suggestions. These have helped
in improving the draft by reflecting state specific features in various chapters. This exercise has further
strengthened NITI Aayog's efforts at cooperative federalism. It will also encourage us to collaborate with the
states to develop state specific development blueprints.

With these extensive consultations and inputs, the strategy reflects ground realities and a collective consensus
on addressing the challenges and achieving the goals for a New India. The attempt is to present a set of ideas
that can provide the basis for a constructive public-private-personal partnership and promote centre-state
cooperation. We hope that the document will also help to build the trust required among all stakeholders for
making development into a mass movement.

I would like to thank NITI Aayog members Dr. V. K. Saraswat, Dr. Ramesh Chand and Dr. Vinod K. Paul for their
leadership and invaluable inputs at every stage of the process. This document would not have been possible


IV





NITI Aayog


without the contribution of NITI Aayog CEO, Amitabh Kant and senior officials of NITI Aayog. I would like to
thank Additional Secretaries Yaduvendra Mathur and R. R Gupta; Senior Advisers Sunita Sanghi and Srikara
Naik; Advisers Alok Kumar, Anil Srivastava, Anna Roy, Ashok K. Jain, J. R Mishra, Jitendra Kumar, Maninder
Kaur Dwivedi, Rraveen Mahto, Ravinder Goyal, S. S. Ganapathy, U. K. Sharma, Vikram Singh Gaur, Yogesh Suri;
Senior Consultants C. Muralikrishna Kumar, Rakesh Ranjan and Sujeet Samaddar and Officer on Special Duty
Sanyukta Samaddar.

This task would not have been completed without the help of a dedicated team of experts attached to the
Vice Chairman's office, led by Ramgopal Agarwala and Dhiraj Nayyar. The team consisted of Urvashi Rrasad,
Ranveer Nagaich, Devashish Dhar, Atisha Kumar, Chinmaya Goyal, Vaibhav Kapoor and Ajit Rai. Tara Nair
provided crucial editing inputs.

Rreparing the strategy is only the first step towards India's economic transformation. The foresighted framers of
our celebrated Constitution have set the enormous challenge of simultaneously completing India's triple transition
across social, political and economic fields. India is one of the very few countries that have taken on this historical
challenge of completing the three transitions together. Having successfully taken forward the social and political
transitions, India is now within sight of completing its economic transition as well. This will see per capita incomes
rising from about USD 1,900 in 2017-18 to around USD 3,000 in 2022-23. As outlined in this Strategy Document,
successfully completing our economic transition will enable us to achieve freedom from squalor, illiteracy,
corruption, poverty, malnutrition and poor connectivity for the common Indian.

By 2022, New India will provide a solid foundation for clean, inclusive, sustained and sustainable growth for
the next three decades. The 'Strategy for New India @ 75' reflects our preparedness to make this transition. Its
recommendations are practical and detailed to facilitate time-bound implementation. All levels of government
must work together to achieve the vision of New India. Working together as 'Team India' will ensure prosperity
for all while protecting our environment and promoting the emergence of an innovative eco-system, propelling
India to the front ranks of the global economy.



Dr. Rajiv Kumar

Vice Chairman


NITI Aayog


V






NITI Aayog


Table of Contents


Introduction 1

Drivers

1. Growth 7

2. Employment and Labour Reforms 12

3. Technology and Innovation 16

4. Industry 20

5. Doubling Farmers'Income (I): Modernizing Agriculture 25

6. Doubling Farmers' Income (II): Policy & Governance 30

7. Doubling Farmers' Income (III): Value Chain & Rural Infrastructure 36

8. Financial Inclusion 41

9. Housing for All 45

10. Travel, Tourism and Hospitality 49

11. Minerals 54

Infrastructure

12. Energy 61

13. Surface Transport 66

14. Railways 70

15. Civil Aviation 75

16. Ports, Shipping and Inland Waterways 80

17. Logistics 85

18. Digital Connectivity 88

19. Smart Cities for Urban Transformation 92

20. Swachh Bharat Mission 96

21. Water Resources 100

22. Sustainable Environment 104

Inclusion

23. School Education 111






strategy for
New India @ 75


Table of Contents


24.

Higher Education

116

25.

Teacher Education and Training

121

26.

Skill Development

124

27.

Public Health Management and Action

129

28.

Comprehensive Primary Health Care

133

29.

Human Resources for Health

137

30.

Universal Health Coverage

142

31.

Nutrition

146

32.

Gender

150

33.

Senior Citizens, Persons with Disability and Transgender Persons

155

34.

Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs),

Other Tribal Groups and Minorities

161

Governance


35.

Balanced Regional Development: Transforming Aspirational Districts

169

36.

The North-East Region

173

37.

Legal, Judicial and Police Reforms

178

38.

Civil Services Reforms

183

39.

Modernizing City Governance for Urban Transformation

187

40.

Optimizing the Use of Land Resources

191

41.

Data Led Governance and Policy Making

195


Annex 1 199


Annex 2


205








NITI Aayog


List of Figures


1.1 India's real GDP growth 8

2.1 Share of workforce employed in agriculture 13

3.1 Steps taken to promote science, technology and innovation in India 16

4.1 Manufacturing as a share of GDP, 2011-12 to 2017-18 21

6.1 Price spread between farm harvest prices and retail prices for select agricultural

commodities, 2015-16 31

7.1 Additional markets required by 2022-23 36

8.1 Distribution of household savings across physical and financial assets 42

8.2 Growth in unified payment interface (UPl) usage 42

9.1 Multi-pronged approach to resolving constraints in the 'Housing for All' scheme 46

10.1 Contribution of travel and tourism in India, 2016 49

11.1 India's share in world production, 2015 55

12.1 Strategies for improving the energy sector in India 63

13.1 Total number of registered vehicles in India 66

14.1 Growth of Indian Railways,1950-51 to 2013-14 71

15.1 Passenger traffic by scheduled carriers, 2007-08 to 2016-17 75

15.2 Freight Transported by air, 2007-08 to 2016-17 76

16.1 Operating cost comparison in transporting cargo through various modes 81

16.2 Pillars of the Sagarmala programme 81

18.1 Increase in internet users and online penetration in India 88

19.1 Four paradigms to leverage Smart Cities Mission 93

20.1 Improvement in Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) coverage 97

21.1 Status on average annual water availability 100

22.1 Strategies for achieving sustainable environment 105

23.1 Gross and net enrolment ratios for elementary, secondary and senior secondary 111


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strategy for
New India @ 75


List of Figures


23.2 Learning outcomes from ASER survey 2016 for rural areas 112

24.1 Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education, 2016-17 117

24.2 UGC's graded autonomy regulations for universities 118

26.1 Workforce that has undergone formal skill training 125

27.1 Preventable risk factors are the biggest contributors to the disease burden, 2016 130

28.1 Additional services to be provided under the New India primary care system 134

28.2 Revamped primary health system for New India 135

29.1 Shortfall of specialists in government health centres compared to the

requirement based on existing infrastructure 138

29.2 Sanctioned posts of specialists vacant 138

30.1 Pillars of universal health coverage 143

31.1 Key nutritional indicators in India 146

32.1 Progress with respect to gender-related indicators 150

32.2 Female labour force participation 151

32.3 Examples of indicators that could be used for developing the gender-based

index and ranking states 153

33.1 School attendance of children with disabilities between 5-19 years 156

33.2 Literacy status of PwDs 157

33.3 Allocation and expenditure pertaining to the Department of Empowerment of

Persons with Disabilities 157

34.1 Workforce participation rate 164

34.2 Out of school children by religious group 165

35.1 Illustration of how the ADP converges stakeholders' efforts in the prevention of stunting 171

36.1 Per capita NSDP for north-east states, 2015-16 173

36.2 Per capita NSDP for north-east states, 2004-05 174







NITI Aayog


List of Figures


36.3 Timeline of government initiatives for the development of north-east region 175

39.1 Key strategies to improve urban governance by 2022-23 188

40.1 Land use across different uses in India, 1990-91 to 2013-14 191

41.1 Framework for achieving transparent governance 197

List of Tables


7.1 Gaps in cold-chain development 37

23.1 Profile of public schools with low enrolment 114

34.1 Incidence of poverty across social groups 161

34.2 Literacy rate among social groups 162

34.3 Literacy Rate among minority communities 164

35.1 Core dimensions of ADP and their weightage 171


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NITI Aayog


Introduction


O n August 15, 2022, independent India will turn 75. In the lifespan of nations, India is still young.
The best is surely yet to come. India's youthful and aspirational population deserves a rapid
transformation of the economy, which can deliver double-digit growth, jobs and prosperity to all.
A strong foundation has been laid in the last four years. While there is every room for confidence,
there is none for complacency. A surge of energy, untiring effort and an unshakeable resolve on the part of the
government, private sector and every individual citizen can achieve this transformation in the next five years.


Seventy years ago, similar energy, effort and resolve from all Indians freed the country from colonial rule within
five years of the launch of the Quit India movement in 1942. Then, like now, foundations had been laid but a
committed acceleration of effort was necessary. The Prime Minister's call for Sankalp Se Siddhils a clarion call
for a radical transformation for a New India by 2022-23.

The government has to be in the vanguard of the transformation of the Indian economy. However, the
government's role must be defined correctly. This Strategy document attempts to do this. The document is
being framed in a context where a re-imagination of governance is taking place. We need a 'development
state' that focuses sharply on the difficult and accountable delivery of key public goods and services. There is
an ongoing effort to achieve an optimum level of public-private partnership. Policies have been put in place
for more efficient delivery of public goods and services such as health, education, power, urban water supply
and connectivity. In this context, a deliberate effort is being made to cut red tape and end burdensome over¬
regulation for promoting entrepreneurship and private investment. Also, in an effort to align the 'Strategy
for New India @ 75' with India's commitment to the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, each
chapter is mapped to the relevant goals. India is currently putting in place a 'development state' guided by the
philosophy of Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas.
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