[PDF]Composting-A teachers guide to making your own compost box and compost

Building a compost box



The following instructions will make a moveable,
wooden compost box 75cm x 75cm x 75cm. It con-
sists of identical interlocking sections which are
stacked one on top of the other. This can be adjusted
to suit your requirements and the materials available.
Reclaimed timber is ideal, such as floorboards and
pallets.

As the compost decomposes and decreases in volume,
the top sections of the box can be taken off and used to
start a new container.




Keep the rain out with a
wooden lid or a square of
old carpet or polythene.



Diagram 1



Materials and equipment

To make one section of the box you will need:

• 2 x 75cm wooden boards, 7.5cm wide*
minimum 1.5cm thick.

• 2 x 72cm wooden boards, 7.5cm wide*
minimum 1.5cm thick.

• 4 wooden corner



blocks, 5cm x 5cm x
5.5cm.

• 20 of 3.6cm screws,

size number 8
1 screwdriver, 1 drill and 1
saw.




Diagram 2



A teacher's guide to
making your own compost box and compost



■



Total materials for 10 sections

• 30m of 7.5cm x 1.5cmtimber

• 2.2m of 5 x 5cm timber

• 220 of 3.6cm number 8 screws

• Wider or slightly narrower boards may be used, as
long as the size of the corner blocks is adjusted to
suit. There is no need to keep the same width for
each section if the timber available is variable.
Length and thickness should be constant.



8. Stand these two 72cm boards on their ends
approximately 75cm apart with the protruding ends
of the corner blocks away from you. Place a 75cm
board on top of the blocks to form a third side. En-
sure that the ends of the 75cm board are flush with
the outer edges of the 72cm boards.

9. Drill and screw each end of the 75cm board as in
step 5. Use 2 screws only this time.



Building the box

1. Cut 2 boards, each 75cm long
from the 7.5cm x 1.5cm
timber.

2. Cut 2 boards, each 72cm
long from the 7.5cm x
1.5cm timber.

3. Cut 4 lengths of 5.5cm
from the 5cm x 5cm timber. These will! make the
corner blocks.

4. Take one of the two 72cm boards and plice it in
position with a corner block at each end. (The ends of
the board should be flush with the blocks! the blocks
should be positioned so that they project 2cm beyond
the edge of the board, as shown in diagram 3

5. Hold the board in position on the blocks. Drill 3
holes, through the board

and into the block below.
Fasten with 3 screws.

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 at the
other end.

7. Now repeat steps 4-6 with Diagram 4
the second shorter 72cm

board. You will now have two end pieces with
attached corner blocks.





10. Turn the section over so that the unfinished side is
uppermost. Place the second 75cm board between
the 72cm boards as before. Position squarely and
drill and screw as in step 9.



You have now completed the
first section of your compost
box.

Continue making sections
until you have completed the
number you need.




Diagram 5



Further Reading

Make Compost and Watch

Your Garden Grow - HDRA leaflet

Composting - HDRA Step-by-Step booklet

All about compost - P. Pears, HDRA/Search Press

Backyard Composting - John Roulac, Green Books

Mucking in - The Community Composting pack,
The Wildlife Trust



■



Making compost

Cool Heap



1 . Collect a batch of compost materials. Try to get enough
to make a 30cm layer or more. Aim for a mix of soft and
tough items. If you have time complete hot step 2.

2. Start filling the bin which should be on bare soil. Spread
the ingredients out to the edges and firm down. Alternate
soft and tough items. Unless items are already wet, water
every 30-60cm.

3. Continue to fill the container as material become avail-
able. Items can be added individually, but a bigger batch
is better. If you are only adding kitchen waste, it will be
wet and need some dry material to balance it. Torn up
newspaper and junk mail is ideal. If you have time com-
plete hot step 4.

4. When the container is full — which it may never be as the
contents will sink as it composts — or when you decide
to — stop adding material. Either leave the compost to
mature or go to step 5.

5. Remove the container, or everything from the container.
If the lower layers have composted, use this on the garden.
Mix everything else together well; add water if it is dry
and dry material if it is soggy. Replace in the bin and
leave to mature. This can take up to 12 months.

Hot Heap

1 . Gather enough material to fill your compost container in
one go. Make sure that you have a mix of tough and soft
materials.

2. Chop up tough items using shears or a sharp spade.

3. Mix ingredients together as much as possible before add-
ing to the container. In particular mix items such as grass
mowings, that tend to settle and exclude air, with more
open items that tend to dry out. Fill the container, water-
ing every 30-60cm.

4. Within a few days, the heap is likely to get hot to the
touch. When it begins to cool down, or a week or two
later, turn the heap. Remove everything from the con-
tainer and mix it all up, trying to get the outside material
to the inside. Add water if it is dry or dry material if it is
soggy. Replace in the container.

5. The heap may well heat up again. Step 4 can be repeated
several more times if you have the energy. When the com-
post no longer heats up leave it undisturbed to mature.
This can take 3-6 months.



What can I compost?



Activators, quick to rot

Comfrey leaves
Grass cuttings
Poultry manures
Young weeds







Older, slower to rot

Fruit and veg scraps
Teabags and coffee grounds
Old straw and hay
Vegetable plant remains
Strawy manures
Old flowers and bedding plants
Young hedge clippings
Soft prunings

Perennial weeds (not roots)
Gerbil, hamster and other vegetarian
pet bedding
* Newspaper



Very slow to rot

Autumn leaves
Tough hedge clippings
Woody prunings
Sawdust and wood shavings



Other compostable items

Wood ash
Cardboard

Paper towels, bags and packaging
Cardboard tubes and egg boxes



Best avoided

Meat and fish
Perennial weed roots



Do NOT compost

Coal and coke ash
~$ Cat and dog faeces
Disposable nappies
Glossy magazines





Composting




A teacher's guide to
making your own compost
box and compost




DUCHY ORIGINALS HDRA
Organic Gardens for Schools



Building a compost box

The following instructions will help you to make a
moveable, wooden compost box 75 x 75 x 75cm.
It consists of identical interlocking sections which
are stacked one on top of the other. This can be
adjusted to suit your requirements and the
materials available. Reclaimed timber is ideal,
such as floorboards and pallets.




As the compost
decomposes and decreases
in volume, the top sections
of the box can be taken off
and used to start a new
container.



Diagram 1

Keep the rain out with a wooden lid or a square of
old carpet or polythene.

Materials and equipment

To make one section of the box you will need:



2 x 75cm wooden
boards, 7.5cm wide*
minimum 1 .5cm thick.

2 x 72cm wooden
boards, 7.5cm wide*
minimum 1 .5cm thick.




Diagram 2



A student's guide to
making your own compost box and compost



• 4 wooden corner blocks, 5cm x 5cm x5.5cm.

• 20 of 3.6cm screws, size number 8

• 1 screwdriver, 1 drill and 1 saw.

Total materials for 10 sections



30m of 7.5cm x 1 .5cmtimber

2.2m of 5cm x 5cm timber

220 of 3.6cm number 8 screws

Wider or slightly narrower boards may be
used, as long as the size of the corner blocks
is adjusted to suit. There is no need to keep
the same width for each section if the timber
available is variable. Length and thickness
should be constant.



Building the box

1 . Cut 2 boards, each 75cm long from the 7.5cm
x 1 .5cm timber.

2. Cut 2 boards, each 72cm long from the 7.5cm
x 1 .5cm timber.

3. Cut 4 lengths of 5.5cm from the 5cm x 5cm
timber. These will make the corner blocks.



4. Take one of the two
72cm boards and
place it in position
with a corner block at
each end. The ends of
the board should be
flush with the blocks;




Diagram 3



the blocks should be positioned so that they
project 2cm beyond the edge of the board, as
shown in diagram 3.



5. Hold the board in position on the blocks.
Drill 3 holes, through the board and into
the block below. Fasten with 3 screws.

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 at the other end.

7. Now repeat steps 4-6 with the second
shorter 72cm board. You will now have 2
end pieces with

attached corner blocks.



8.



9.



10.



Stand these 2 shorter
boards on their ends
approximately 75cm
apart with the
protruding ends of




Diagram 4



the corner blocks away from you. Place a
75cm board on top of the blocks to form a
third side. Ensure that the ends
of the 75cm board are flush with the
outer edges of the 72cm boards.

Drill and screw each end of the 75cm
board as in step 5. Use 2 screws only this
time.



Turn the section
over so that the
unfinished side is
uppermost. Place
the second 75cm
board between the
72cm boards




Diagram 5



as before. Position squarely and drill and
screw as in step 9.

You have now completed the first section of your
compost box. Continue making sections until
you have completed the number you need.



What can I compost?



Activators, quick to rot

Comfrey leaves
Grass cuttings
Poultry manures




Other compostable items

Wood ash
Cardboard
Paper towels, bags and
packaging crumpled up
Cardboard tubes and egg boxes




Older, slower to rot

Fruit and veg scraps

Teabags and coffee grounds

Old straw and hay

Vegetable plant remains

Strawy manures

Old flowers and bedding

plants

Young hedge clippings
Soft prunings

Perennial weeds (not roots)
Gerbil, hamster and other
vegetarian
pet bedding
Newspaper





Best avoided

Meat and fish
Perennial weed roots





Very slow to rot



Autumn leaves
Tough hedge clippings
Woody prunings
Sawdust and wood shavings



Do NOT compost

Coal and coke ash
Cat and dog faeces
Disposable nappies
Glossy magazines



JUJIJ




Composting




A student's guide to
making your own compost
box and compost




DUCHY ORIGINALS HDRA
Organic Gardens for Schools



I



I