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A SOURCE GUIDE


AUDIO-VISUAL TRAINING MATERIALS


A Source Guide


AUDIO-VISUAL TRAINING MATERIALS


A Source Guide


P. N. KHANNA


NATIONAL COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING oN


Need for Audio-Visual Materials


Aupio-Visuat Marertars reinforce the spoken or written
words with concrete images and thus provide rich percept-
ual experiences which are the basis of learning. These
materials make learning less non-verbalistic and reduce the
boredom of mere verbalism. They offer a variety of
experiences which stimulate self-activity on the part of
the pupils. Such experiences are not being easily secured
in other materials. They contribute to the depth and
variety of learning and thus make learning more perma-
nent. Due to the additional experiences and techniques
offered by these materials or teaching aids, a broader
curriculum is established, and increased meaning is brought
to current experiences. The teacher in order to utilize
this broad curriculum needs a knowledge of unique
contributions of different types of materials, of fundamen-
tal principles and techniques of utilization and of reliable
methods of evaluation.


Audio-Visual materials supplement the teacher, they
do not supplant him. The aids alone cannot accomplish
the task of education. The teacher always remains the
main pivot of all teaching. Visual aids when properly
utilized reinforce learning. In the use of audio-visual aids,


FOREWORD


the teacher should be‘clear about his teaching objectives
and thus make the right use of the right materiai, at the
right place, and at the right time.


In reconstructing the fabric of education ‘in India, -
audio-visual materials and media have a very vital role to
play. Audio-Visual materials and techniques provide the
fundamental means of organizing and revitalizing the
curriculum. In developing countries, such as ours, in the
coming decade, it may not be possible to equip all pupils
with materials of individualized instruction, such as text-
books, supplementary reading materials, programmed
texts, teaching machines, etc. The accent has to be on
materials for group work and classroom teaching, inexpen-
sive teacher-made materials or mass-produced audio-
visual aids, Audio-Visual materials are not an end in
themselves. They are the means to an end. Basically all
such materials are audio-visual-verbal. Where verbalism
becomes heavy, effective and properly designed audio- ©
visual materials provide a relief. The aim of all materials
and media is to facilitate an easy perceptual assimilation
of the content of instruction and ultimately educate the
child. The learning stimuli that impinge upon our
perception are mainly audio-visual. They form a concrete


base for learning and develop purposeful experiences.
Hence learning becomes permanent. These materials
economize time and effort and create animpact. The
educators must progressively become conscious of these
and integrate these in teaching-learning situation.


Teacher Training in Audio-Visual Materials


With the growing impact of modern instructional
materials, the concept and media of audio-visual education
need greater emphasis in our country. The major objective
of the Department of Teaching Aids of the National
Institute of Education is to create conditions for en-
riching and revitalising the curriculum and educational
process with the techniques and material of audio-visual
instru:tion. This necessitates, not only training in the
preparation and utilization of the audio-visual aids popular
in other countries, but also, the progressive development
of inexpensive teaching aids with indigenous materials and
experimentation with regard to their utilization under
existing conditions in India.

With the increasing awareness of the need for improv-
ing the techniques of communication in all areas of human
endeavour, the Department has to provide leadership in
ideas and techniques pertaining to utilisation of audio-
visual media of communication. It has to make a signifi-
cant contribution to the communicative processes involved

in both school and social education. To realise these
objectives, one of the basic functions of the Department


vi


is to provide training (both pre-service and in-service) to
educational administrators, teachers, educators and other
high level personnel required for audio-visual instruction.


Broad Range of Objectives of Different A.V. Courses


1. To develop elementary, theoretical and psychologi-
cal aspects of audio-visual education in relation to
the basic details of learning processes involving
the use of audio-visual materials and the utilisa-
tion, production, evaluation and administration of
these materials.


2. To create an awareness about the techniques of
utilisation of audio-visual materials in teaching
learning situations to enrich the curriculum.

3. To develop professional readiness to select or


develop audio-visual aids for improving and
revitalising learning.


4. To develop skills in preparing simple and inexpen-
sive graphic materials and photographic aids.


5. To develop skills in maintenance and operation
of audio-visual equipment.


6. To provide leadership training to professional
personnel in the field of audio-visual education.
Broad Range of Contents of the Courses


(a) The theoretical aspects of the courses should be
designed to give teachers information concerning


the selection, evaluation, utilisation, production
and administration of audio-visual materials. The
various types of audio-visual aids to learning are
to be discussed, demonstrated and evaluated.

(b) Laboratory sessions are to be designed to give the
teachers an opportunity to become acquainted
with the operation of various types of equipment
used in schools for the presentation of audio-visual
materials and to develop skill of producing
different types of graphic and photographic aids.

(c) Practical demonstrations of actual classroom
teaching with audio-visual aids are to be arranged.


Importance of Resource Materials


Programmes of disseminating information about audio-
visual materials are still in infancy outside the Department
of Teaching Aids. The different A.V. Units, Training
Colleges, State Institutes of Education, etc. in the country
have got to develop and reinforce audio-visual training
programmes on proper lines. Such programmes not only
enrich the curriculum of Teacher Training Colleges but
ultimately they have a direct and invigorating impact on
the teaching-learning process in the classroom. There is
a dearth of materials for developing such programmes on
proper lines. Wherever such materials are available in
the form of films, filmstrips, textbooks, etc., there is a
need to highlight these. Audio-visual training programmes
have got to lean heavily on instructional materials which


4


vii


_total presentation is very commendable.


should be readily available to instructors so as to improve
the quality of teacher-training.


The demand for the two mimeographed editions of
this volume has been encouraging and rewarding. Based
upon our utilization of this Source Guide in our profes-
sional work, it was necessary to revise and then print it-
The author, Shri P. N. Khanna, has endeavoured to
systematize, categorise and present in an integrated form
the different varieties of such training materials available
in Delhi. Most of these are available in the Department
of Teaching Aids which is a National Centre and a clear-
ing house for information on all audio-visual concepts
and practices. Shri P.N. Khanna has laboured very hard
and has evolved a very effective and comprehensive
volume which will go a long way infilling the void of
resource materials in Audio-Visual Centres. The contents
in this edition are three times the ones in the first. His
i It is hoped that
this Source Guide will be used by different colleges and
audio-visual centres in the country.


S. L. AHLUWALIA /

Head

Department of Teaching Aids
National Institute of Education


New Delhi
October 27, 1969


Tue Purpose in bringing out this source guide is to give
the Instructors and Teacher Educators in Audio-Visual


Education ready and up-to-date information about the avail-


ability of different aids on a particular subject in the field.
After listing a particular aid, the source/sources from which
it could be borrowed are mentioned to help the user to
lay its hands on that aid. For sources certain abbreviations
have been used which are mentioned on subsequent
pages.

This source guide has been specifically written to meet
the needs of the following users, although, it may be help-
ful to any person intending to use Audio-Visual Aids in
the field of education.

(i) Students and teachers in teacher training insti-
tutions.
(ii) Teachers in service.
(iii) State Audio-Visual Education Officers and State
Administrators who have the task of organising
practical Audio-Visual Programmes.


There is no doubt that a large number of audio-visual


aids such as films, filmstrips, slides, books, charts, posters,
tapes, records, maps, etc., are available with educational


PREFAC E


institutions and other departments connected with the
utilization of audio-visual aids. It was however, decided to
confine the present compilation to films, filmstrips and
books only as these aids are in frequent use and can be
readily purchased from the market or can be taken on loan
from organisations where they are available. Throughout
the text an effort is made to include only those aids which
have been considered to be useful for training purposes.
Certain aids considered to be useful for more than one
purpose have been mentioned under other relevant head
(s) also. This has been stated at the end of the description
of the aid.

Two editions of this compilation had been brought out
in mimeographed form. The first mimeographed edition,
published in April 1967, referred to 125 films, 110 film-
strips and 370 books. The revised mimeographed edition,
published after two years made a reference to eleven
sources (instead .of five sources mentioned in the first
édition) from where the materials could be borrowed. This
edition included information regarding 268 films, 145 film-
strips and 819 books. s

Since these mimeographed publications were acclaim-
ed by all concerned and particularly by those engaged in


imparting training in audio-visual education, the author
has therefore followed it up with the present volume which
has a still greater coverage. It makes a reference to
fifteen sources. The number of films, filmstrips and books
referred to are 348, 138 and 859 respectively. Since Delhi
is the biggest centre, so far as the availability of audio-


visual materials is concerned, the compilation has been `


restricted to this city only. Nevertheless it is felt that this
compilation will be useful to all institutions/organisations
throughout the country as films and filmstrips can be
taken on loan by any institution/organisation in any part
of the country.


The present volume has been divided into five
sections. Section ‘A’ contains a list of aids on 14 different
topics in the field of audio-visual education. As far as
films are concerned, this section gives a brief description
together with the duration of the film to enable the user to
make an idea of the contents of the film. Whatever could
not be included under the above 14 heads but was consi-
dered useful for training purposes, has been put in Section


A film title index, a filmstrip title index and a title-
author index for books have been given in Section ‘C’ for
the convenience of the users.


In Section ‘D’ selected lists of producers, dealers and
distributors of films, filmstrips, slides and graphic aids
have been given. This section also includes a list of


manufacturers, distributors and dealers of various projectors
and other allied mechanical aids and parts. These lists
are especially useful to those group of readers who are
interested in purchasing any of these materials for use in
their schools/colleges or State Audio-Visual Units and
other allied organisations.


List of periodicals subscribed by the Department of
Teaching Aids, National Institute of Education, has been
included in Section ‘E’. This is likely to be of great use to
the workers in the field of Audio-Visual Education.


The films included in this volume are in 16 mm unless
otherwise specified. Most of the films included are in
English language and where no language has been men-
tioned in brackets after the title of the film, it implies that
it is available in English Language. In other cases the
language (s) in which a film is available has heen mentioned
against the title.


The films produced by the Films Division, Ministry of
Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, are
also available in languages other than those mentioned


against the title of the film, at their Head Office and
Regional Offices.


_ Some mistakes or ommissions might have occured in
the compilation. It will be appreciated if such shortcom-
ings are pointed out so that the necessary modifications are
made in the next edition.


I take this opportunity to express my sincere indebted-
ness to Shri S.L. Ahluwalia, Head, Department of Teach-
ing Aids, National Institute of Education, New Delhi for
his constant inspiration and valuable guidance at every
Stage of the compilation of this volume.

My thanks are due to my colleagues—Sarvashri S.S.H-
Rizvi, Librarian and Gopal Krishan, who assisted at many
phases of this compilation ; Sarvashri D.B. Bakshi, Senior
Artist and R.K. Chopra, Lecturer (Fine Arts) for their
valuable guidance in classification of aids under different
heads and Sarvashri G.K. Misra, Reference Librarian and
V.P. Gangwani, Librarian for giving information required
in respect of films and filmstrips.

I am grateful to all the Embassies/Organisations,


who
by furnishing the required information have made thi


S Tre-


xi


vised compilation possible, I appreciate the cooperation
extended by Sarvashri B.K. Prasad, Librarian, Indian
Institute of Mass Communication, New Delhi, and D.N.
Sharma, Librarian, Central Institute of Education, Delhi
who. took great interest in making available information
concerning their institutes.


I am also grateful to my wife, Mrs. K. Khanna,
Lecturer, Department of Rural Community Extension,
Lady Irwin College, New Delhi, for her advice'in classi-


fication of aids, and assistance throughout the preparation
of this volume.


P. N. KHANNA
Department of Teaching Aids
National Institute of Education


10-B, Indraprastha Estate,
Ring Road, New Delhi 1.
October 22, 1969


Abbreviations
A-1
A-2
A-3
A-4


A-5


ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR THE SOURCE


To be Used For
Art Fundamentals.
Communication,
Craft.
Educational Research, Measure-
ment and Evaluation.
Films, Filmstrips and Slides in
Education.
Graphic Art and Display Boards.
Mechanical Aids.
Painting.
Photographics.
Printing.
Puppetry and Creative Art.
Radio and Television.
Sculpture.
Theory.
American Embassy, Audio-
Visual Branch, West Building,
Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-11.


Abbreviations
AHC


B-1
BIS or BC


CIE


CSL


To be Used For
“Australian High Commission,
Information Section, 1/50-G-
Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri,
New Delhi-11.


Miscellaneous.


(i) British High Commission,
Film Section, Chanakayapuri,
New Delhi-11.

Also Offices at Bombay, Calcutta
and Madras.

(ii) British Council Book Library,
AIFACS Building, Rafi Marg,
New Delhi-1.


Central Institute of Education,
33-Chattra Marg, Delhi-7.


Central Secretariat Library,
Ministry of Education and Youth
Services, Shastri Bhawan, New
Delhi. o:


Abbreviations
DTA


HCFC


HMC


JIC


To be Used For


Department to Teaching Aids,
National Institute of Education,
National Council of Educational
Research and Training. 10-B,
Indraprastha Estate, Ring Road;
New Delhi.


Films Division, Ministry of
Information and Broadcasting,
Mahadev Road, New Delhi.

Also Offices at Bombay (Head


Office), Calcutta, Madras,


Nagpur, Secunderabad and
Lucknow.


High Commission for Canada,
Film Librarian, 194-Golf Links,
New Delhi.


Indian Institute of Mass Com-
munication, Ministry of Infor-
mation and Broadcasting, D-13,
N.D.S.E. Part II, Ring Road,
New Delhi.


Japan Information Centre, 10-
Curzon Road, New Delhi.


Abbreviations
NFBC


NIE


OR


RNE


SF


USIS


VP


To be Used For


National Film Board of Canada.
c/o Office of the High Com-
missioner for Canada, Canada
House Annex., 13-Golf Links
Area, New Delhi-3.

National Institute of Education,
Sri Aurobindo Marg, New
Delhi-16.
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