[PDF]phyllocephalum of india

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HAT TRES de ASTERACEAE





~~ hirtellous. Achenes obovate, smooth, shinin
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337


8, ecostate. Pappus hairs red, few,


A monotypic genus, endemic to India.


Lamprachaenium microcephalum (Dalz.) Benth. in C.B. Clarke, Comp.
Ind. 5. 1876; Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 3: 229. 1881. Decaneurum microcephalum
Dalz. in Hook., Kew J, Bot. V. 3: 231. 1851. Fig. 104.


Sans.: Ajdandi, Brahmadandi


Herbs, erect, ca 60 cm high; stem and branches striate, glabrous or sparsely
hairy. Leaves elliptic, narrowed at both the ends, dentate, up to 8 x 3.5 cm,
sparsely hairy above, white woolly beneath, punctate. Inflorescence corymbose,
axillary and terminal. Heads homogamous. Involucral bracts many-seriate,
elliptic-lanceolate, tomentose without, becoming almost glabrous with age; outer
with foliaceous tips and ciliate margins; tips often recurved; inner gradually


larger. Achenes ca 2 mm long, shining, smooth. Pappus hairs red, few,
fugacious.


Fl. & Fr. Oct. - Nov.


Distrib. India: Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka.


Endemic.


- Note. The plant is bitter and used in skin diseases like Leucoderma and in
"Vata" and "Kapha" inflammations.


5. Phyllocephalum Blume


Herbs or undershrubs; stems glabrous, hispid or woolly. Leaves alternate,


- elliptic-obovate, acute to acuminate at the apex, obtuse or attenuate at base,
: Margins serrate and sometimes revolute, pubescent or rugose above, puberulous
~~ to tomentose beneath, petiolate or sessile. Inflorescence terminal or axillary
. (rarely spike like). Heads with numerous florets. Involucral bracts imbricate in
¡Several series, glabrous to long ciliate; the outer usually foliaceous; the inner
|: membranaceous. Corolla reddish purple (infrequently white). Achenes obconic,
-~ libbed. Pappus white, yellowish or reddish, of l-many bristles.


3... Mainly in India and Indonesia: 10 species, 9 in India.


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FLORA OF INDIA
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Literatu | | | k

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Phyllocephatum o KMAN, KATHERINE (1981) Taxonomic revision of Centratherum & nie 4 |
| Positac-Vernonicac), Rhodora 83(833): 1-24. EE tak ee

Kirkman (1 | nr | SE

| an e: y ec ' 2 * . 4 x ; AS 4 de

under Die Ge ) recognised only 3 species reducing most of the Indian species A

however, q y my of P. indicuim and P. scabridum, Study of the Indian material, nay +

> “OES not Support Kirkman’s treatment. |

j i

KEY TO THE SPECIES ind |

la. à ; 4

: ae Hol White beneath; outer involucral bracts shortest; pappus single 1; P. hookeri i

ne es White beneath; outer involucral bracts large, foliaceous; pappus hairs 1-many 2o | ji |

; - Outer involucral bracts cordate at base 6. P. ritchiet | y

3 ` Outer involucra] bracts not cordate at base | : 4

A £ Leaves prominently reticulately veined beneath 2. P. indicum A
¿8 - Leaves not prominently reticulately veined beneath 4 H
E 4 4a. Pappus hairs reddish 5 | ñ
T b. Pappus hairs white or yellowish A 6 aH
i | Sa. Leafy involucral bracts many, spreading or deflexed; pappus hairs equalling the corolla tube; yl
DE achenes distinctly ribbed 4. P. phyllolaenum M
Ra Bo b. Leafy involucral bracts-1-2, not spreading; pappus hairs shorter than the corolla tube; |
1e achenes faintly ribbed 9. P. tenue fet
Ea 6a. Pappus hairs copious, long 7 jj
ee b. Pappus hairs 1-10, short 8 H
mh 7a. Stems covered with black banded tubercle based hairs 3. P. mayuril K
ae b. Stems not covered with tubercle based hairs 4. P. phyllolaenum Y
ee . 8a. Leaves petioled; peduncles stout, not long villous 7. P. scabridum | +
og b. Upper leaves sessile; peduncles slender, long villous 9 a
Be 9a. Pappus hairs 1-4 5. P; rangacharii i
wees b. Pappus hairs 6-10 8. P. senpaltherianum i
E 1. Phyllocephalum hookeri (C.B. Clarke) Uniyal, Comb. nov. 5
e Centratherum hookeri C.B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 3. 1876; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. | |
‘ i tt
India 3: 228. 1881. | y


Stems herbaceous, erect, up to 60 cm high, ashy pubescent, grooved. Ñ
Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, obscurely toothed, upto 5.5 x 1.2 cm, somewhat i da |
‘pubescent on both the surfaces. Heads subcorymbose, 1.2-1.8 cm across;
peduncle hoary pubescent. Outer involucral bracts ovate-oblong, subacute, dense LAN
pubescent; intermediate linear, longer than the outer ones, tips reflexed; -= |
innermost linear, longest, scarious, tips reflexed. Corolla red. Achenes ca 3 mm
long, linear-oblong, 10-ribbed. Pappus single, straw coloured, single, deciduous,
equalling the corolla tube. |


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_ White tomentose beneath. Heads solitary,

_ 1.5 cm long, hairy. Involucral bracts man
> lanceolate, cai3 cm long,
+ lanceolate, ca 6
de dc white


FLORA. OF INDIA [VOL, 13


© = Distrib. India; Maharashtra; raro.


Endemic. —


2. Phyllocephalum indicum (Less.) Kirkman in Rhodora 83: 12, 1981.


i « Amphiraphis indica Less. in Linnaea 6: 686. 1831. Centratherum reticulatum


(DC.) Benth. in Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. PI. 2: 225. 1873; Hook.f., Fl. Brit
India 3: 227. 1881. y


Herbs, stout, perennial; stems usually dark purple, branched or not, terete,
scabrid with short, hard, whitish hairs on red base. Leaves ovate, broadest near
the rounded base, slightly recurved at margins, upto 5 x 1.5 cm, thick, rugose
above, white and prominently reticulate beneath, subsessile. Heads solitary,
terminal, more than 2.5 cm in diam. Involucral bracts leafy, many-seriate,
hairy; inner progressively narrower with distinct mucro; the innermost narrow-


_ oblong, scarious. Achenes ca 3 mm long, obscurely 10-ribbed. Pappus brown
- or yellowish, fugacious. :


FI. May - Oct.


Distrib. India: Deccan Peninsula, between 1600-2200 m. Madhya Pradesh,
Tamil Nadu and Kerala.


` Sri Lanka.
_ Note. Leaves with prominent reticulate venation are very characteristic.


- 3. Phyllocephalum mayurii (C. Fischer) Narayana in Curr. Sci. 51:


438. 1982. Centratherum mayurii C. Fischer in Kew Bull. 1940: 45.
1940.


Herbs, up to 1 m high; stems striate, covered with purplish black,
multicellular, tubercle based hairs. Leaves alternate, narrowly lanceolate-
oblanceolate, elliptic, acute, serrate, up to 9.5 x 1.5 cm, sparsely hairy above,

axillary or terminal, peduncle. ca
y-seriate; outer narrowly elliptic-
| white tomentose beneath; inner purple tipped, oblong-

mm long. Achenes up to 1.7 mm long, 10-ribbed. Pappus hairs





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Be Endemic.

4. Phyllocephalum phyllolaenum (DC.) Narayana in Curr. Sci. 51: 438. 3
1982. Decaneurum phyllolaenum DC., Prodr. 7: 264. 1839: Centratherum ii
phyllolaenum (DC.) Benth. ex C.B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 4. 1876; Hook.f., FI. |
Brit. India 3: 228. 1881. | Fig. 105.





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Herbs, up to 1 m high, variable; stems ridged, glabrous or pubescent. |
Leaves elliptic, acute or acuminate, serrate, upto 15 x 6 cm, scattered hairy on
the upper surface, white tomentose beneath, petioled. Heads solitary, axillary
and terminal; peduncle up to 9.5 cm long. Outer involucral bracts up to 4 cm
E long, white felted beneath; intermediate variable, tip often green and recurved,
Eoo mucronate; inner purple tinged, ca 8.5 mm long, scarious. Achenes ca 3 mm
long, glabrous, strongly 10-ribbed. Pappus hairs usually reddish, equalling the
corolla tube.


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Fl. & Fr. Sept. - Nov.


Distrib, India: Rajasthan, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.


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pe. 5. Phyllocephalum rangacharii (Gamble) Narayana in Curr. Sci. 51: 438.
1982. Centratherum rangacharii Gamble in Kew Bull. 1920: 339. 1920.


Jee | Herbs; branches striate, furfuracious villose. Leaves lanceolate, acute,

pu mucronate, crenate, up to 7 x 2 cm, strigosely hirsute above, white tomentose
beneath except on the nerve; lower ones short petioled; ultimate leaves sessile.

Heads solitary, long pedunculate. Receptacle areolate. Outer 1-2 involucral

bracts foliaceous; bracts of next row scarious at base, glabrous, upper part
1. foliaceous, ovate, strigosely hirsute; inner ones gradually longer; innermost
ne <- gcarious. Achenes glabrous, 10-ribbed. Pappus white, hairs 1-4.





Fl. & Fr. Aug. - Dec.





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OS 6. Phyllocephalum ritchiei (Hook.f.) Narayana in Curr. Sci. 5 L. ai t
2 1982. Centratherum ritchiei Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 228. 1881. Fig. 106..


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TE arene 2 PLORA OF INDIA | {VOL 13


Herbs, up to 60 em high; stems ridged, glabrous. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, spinous (toothed on margins, up to 9 x 5 cm,
somewhat strigose above, white tomentose beneath. Heads solitary, axillary and
terminal; peduncle up to 10 em long. Outer involucral bracts foliaccous, ca 2,5
xX 1.5 cm, cordate at base, white tomentose on the outer surface, rough on the
inner surface, margins recurved and distantly mucronate; inner often purple
tipped, linear-oblong, ca 8 mm long, scarious, white’ woolly on the back.
Achenes glabrous, 10-ribbed. Pappus hairs reddish, as long as or longer than the
corolla.


Fl. Sept. - Nov.
Distrib. India: Maharashtra and Karnataka.
Endemic.


_ Note. Easily distinguished by the cordate nature of the foliaceous involucral
bracts.





7. Phyllocephalum scabridum (DC.) Kirkman in Rhodora 83: 10. 1981. a
Decaneurum .scabridum DC. in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 7. 1834. 4
Centratherum molle Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2: 225. 1873; Hook.f., Fl. a
Brit. India 3: 227. 1881. Centratherum courtallense (Wight) Benth. & Hook.f. 7
in Fl. Brit. India 3: 227. 1881. |


Herbs; stems scabrous, ridged. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, = |
occasionally entire, up to 10.5 x 4 cm, upper surface with scattered moniliform
hairs, lower surface white tomentose, base narrowed to ca 2 cm long, a petiole ad
Heads solitary or two, axillary and terminal, ca 1.1 cm across; peduncle up to |
1 cm long, hairy. Outer most involucral bracts ca 2 cm long, white felted 4


beneath; intermediate up to 7 cm long, scarious, somewhat notched at the top.
Pappus very short.


Fl. & Fr. July - Dec.


=~ Distrib. India: Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, 4
Tamil Nadu and Kerala. - ne


8, Phyllocephalum sengaltherianum (Narayana) Narayana in Curr. Sci. 3
31: 438, 1982. Centratherum sengaltherianum Narayana in Curr. Sci. 50: 279.
e LOB Ls PENI Rea PANEER Be Se acd va Bae ape, Soo


+





Hi, 1995] #54 “ASTERACEAE 345


Erect, stunted, perennials (?); stems terete, inconspicuously ribbed. Leaves
elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, sharply serrate, up to 9 x 3.8 cm, white tomentose
beneath, petioled or upper sessile. Heads solitary, axillary or terminal, 5-7 mm
across, subtended by a single leafy bract. Involucral bracts 4-5-seriate. Outer
obovate, 6 x 3-4 mm; middle longest, up to 7 mm long, scarious at the base.
Achenes ca 2 mm long, 10-ribbed. Pappus hairs 6-10.


Fl. & Fr. March.


Distrib. India: ca 1100 m, in rock crevices. Tamil Nadu, Sengaltheri.





Endemic.
ch. Note. Most of the characters on which this species is based are common
ve. | with P. rangacharii (Gamble) Narayana except in number of pappus hairs (1-4
E in case of P. rangacharii).
o 9. Phyllocephalum tenue (C.B. Clarke) Narayana in Curr. Sci. 51: 439.
Re 1982. Centratherum tenue C.B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 4. 1876; Hook.f., Fl. Brit.
a India 3: 228. 1881.
ee Herbs, erect, dichotomously branched, up to 1.5 m tall; stems and branches
ra glabrous. Leaves broadly elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, serrate, up to
fe 15 x 6 cm, short hairy above, white woolly beneath; upper leaves sessile. Heads
Be ca 1.3 cm across. Outer involucral bracts foliaceous, oblong-lanceolate, white
% beneath; intermediate linear; innermost linear-oblong, scarious, white tomentose.
je: Achenes glabrous, faintly 10-ribbed. Pappus pale reddish, much shorter than the
Eo corolla tube.








Fl. & Fr. Oct.


Distrib. India: W. Ghats. Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka.
6. Pseudelephantopus Rohr.


Herbs, ‘erect, perennial; stems solitary, branched. Leaves alternate,

pinnately veined, sessile-subsessile. Inflorescence several, terminal, racemose-

_ spicate. Heads clustered in the axils of leaf like bracts, with 4 florets. Involucral

bracts 8, in decussate pairs. Florets bisexual; corolla tubular, funnelform; tube —

slender; limb 5-cleft, deeply divided on adaxial side. Anthers sagittate at base,
. appendaged apically. Style bifid; branches slender, flattened and stigmatic